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2025年大模型伦理四大议题深度解析,助你理解AI、信任AI、与AI共处。核心内容:1. 大模型伦理的四大核心议题:可解释性、价值对齐、安全框架和AI意识2. 可解释性技术的最新突破与治理价值3. AI治理从"控制行为"到"理解思维"的范式转变
曹建峰 腾讯研究院高级研究员
大模型可解释性与透明度:
打开算法黑箱
AI欺骗与价值对齐:
当模型学会“撒谎”
AI安全框架:
负责任地迭代前沿AI模型
AI意识与福祉:
从科幻议题走向研究前沿
结语:
2026年大模型伦理的关键转向与未来展望
脚注:
3.Anthropic, Reasoning Models Don’t Always Say What They Think, https://www.anthropic.com/research/reasoning-models-dont-say-think
4.Tomek Korbak et al., Chain of Thought Monitorability: A New and Fragile Opportunity for AI Safety, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.11473v1
5.OpenAI, Introducing the Model Spec, https://openai.com/index/introducing-the-model-spec/
6.OpenAI Model Spec, https://model-spec.openai.com/2025-12-18.html
7.OpenAI, How confessions can keep language models honest, https://openai.com/index/how-confessions-can-keep-language-models-honest/
8.The White House, Winning the Race: America’s AI Action Plan, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf
9.Ryan Greenblatt et al., Alignment faking in large language models, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.14093
10.Anthropic, System Card: Claude Opus 4 & Claude Sonnet 4, https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/4263b940cabb546aa0e3283f35b686f4f3b2ff47.pdf
11.Alexander Meinke, Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming, Apollo Research, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04984
12.Open AI, OpenAI o1 System Card, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.16720
13.Yuntao Bai et al., Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback, https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08073
14.OpenAI, OpenAI o1 System Card, https://openai.com/index/openai-o1-system-card/
15.Alexander Meinke, Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04984
16.Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy, https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf
17.Anthropic, Activating AI Safety Level 3 protections, https://www.anthropic.com/news/activating-asl3-protections
18.OpenAI, Our undated Preparedness Framework, https://openai.com/index/updating-our-preparedness-framework/
19.Google DeepMind, Strengthening our Frontier Safety Framework, https://deepmind.google/blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/
20.Anthropic, The need for transparency in Frontier AI, https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-need-for-transparency-in-frontier-ai
21.Malihe Alikhani & Aidan T. Kane, What is California’s AI safety law?, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-is-californias-ai-safety-law/
22.Axel Cleeremans et al., Consciousness science: where are we, where are we going, and what if we get there?, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279/full
23.OpenAI and MIT Lab Research, Early methods for studying affective use and emotional well-being on ChatGPT, https://openai.com/index/affective-use-study/
24.Anthropic, Exploring model welfare, https://www.anthropic.com/research/exploring-model-welfare
25.AI Consciousness: What Are the Odds?, https://ai-consciousness.org/what-are-the-odds-anthropics-assessment-of-claudes-potential-consciousness/
26.Anthropic, Claude Opus 4 and 4.1 can now end a rare subset of conversations, https://www.anthropic.com/research/end-subset-conversations
27.Robert Long et al., Taking AI Welfare Seriously, https://arxiv.org/html/2411.00986v1
28Patrick Butlin et al., Identifying indicators of consciousness in AI sys.tems, https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(25)00286-4
29.AI Frontiers, The Evidence for AI Consciousness, Today, https://ai-frontiers.org/articles/the-evidence-for-ai-consciousness-today
30.Dan Milmo,AI systems could be ‘caused to suffer’ if consciousness achieved, says research, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/feb/03/ai-systems-could-be-caused-to-suffer-if-consciousness-achieved-says-research
31.Patrik Butlin & Theodoros Lappas, Principles for Responsible AI Consciousness Research, https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07290
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